{"id":1245,"date":"2003-06-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-06-18T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rirb.ie\/newsletter-june-2003\/"},"modified":"2003-06-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2003-06-18T00:00:00","slug":"newsletter-june-2003","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rirb.ie\/ga\/newsletter-june-2003\/","title":{"rendered":"Newsletter June 2003"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><P align=left class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>This is the second in a series of newsletters which the Board has decided to produce to keep applicants informed from time to time as to the procedures it follows and other developments. Our first newsletter issued in March of this year and the Board\u2019s Guide to Hearing Procedures issued in April.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Board Members<?xml:namespace prefix = o \/><o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>The Board comprises five members. Ms. Anne O\u2019Brien, B.L. has recently been appointed to the Board by the Minister for Education &amp; Science.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>His Honour Judge Sean O\u2019Leary (Chairman)<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Professor Desmond Greer<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Dr. Helen Cummiskey<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Dr. Ruth Pilkington<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Ms. Anne O\u2019Brien B.L.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE>Solicitor to the Board<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN lang=EN-IE>.<\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Ms. Sharon Moohan B.C.L, L.L.M<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>commenced work as Solicitor to the Board in May.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Discovery of documents (application form, section 8)<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Section 8 of the application form says that the Board will request production of an existing document only where the applicant has been unable to obtain it and where the document is relevant to identity, residence in an institution, or the abuse or injury suffered.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The Department of Education and Science, Cornamaddy, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, holds records for children who were sent to a residential institution on foot of a court order.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>If an applicant or solicitor states in a Freedom of Information request to Athlone that he\/she is seeking evidence of residence to support a claim to the Redress Board, the Freedom of Information section will give the matter priority and will send a \u201cReport by School Number and Pupil Number\u201d within approximately two weeks. This report will normally be sufficient proof of residence and will, where available, be required by the Board.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/SPAN>&nbsp;<\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><\/SPAN><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Applications<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>The Board has accepted applications since December 2002.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The number received to date is 1334.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Forty-six of these applications have been refused as on the face of the documentation the application was outside the Boards terms of reference as laid down in the 2002 Act.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The remaining applications are now being processed.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The statutory steps and times allowed for each step laid down in the Act and Regulations occupy a minimum of 16 weeks (assuming that all necessary documentation has been lodged with the Board), to which must be added any time taken for processing the application by the Board\u2019s office staff. In broad terms the first 8 weeks is taken up notifying relevant persons as outlined in the Residential Institutions Redress Act 2002 (Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations 2002. The second 8 weeks is taken up confirming with the applicant or his\/her solicitor that the application is complete (2 weeks) and scheduling the application for hearing or settlement (6 weeks). In some cases the Board, with the cooperation of the applicants and the relevant persons, will be able to reduce this period.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>This process was complete in respect of some applications during the month of April and so hearings and settlement discussions began. To date the Board has conducted 47 settlement negotiations and 13 hearings.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><I style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Summary<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Refused<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>46<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Settlements<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>47<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Hearings<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><U>13<o:p><\/o:p><\/U><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><I style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE>Total<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/I><SPAN lang=EN-IE>106<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><I style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Interim awards <o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Section 10(10) of the Residential Institutions Redress Act, 2002 provides that the Board may make an interim award if three conditions are satisfied, namely:<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(1)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The Board has made a preliminary decision that the applicant is entitled to an award;<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(2)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The Board is satisfied that it is probable that a final award equal to or greater than the amount of an interim award will be made, and <o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(3)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The Board is of opinion that having regard to the age or infirmity of the applicant, the making of an interim award is appropriate in the circumstances.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Without prejudice to the right of any applicant to apply or the Board to consider any other individual circumstances within the conditions outlined in the Act, the Board has decided that it will routinely consider whether it is appropriate to make an interim award if &#8211;&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><\/SPAN>&nbsp;<\/P><SPAN lang=EN-IE>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE>(a)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>The applicant was born before&nbsp;1st January 1930<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE>, <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>OR<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(b) The Board is satisfied on the basis of a written report from the applicant\u2019s regular medical practitioner that the applicant is suffering from &#8211;<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<UL>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>A medical or psychiatric condition which is considered to be life-threatening, or<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/DIV>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Early dementia or a dementia-like illness which will likely culminate in a reduction or loss of mental faculties in the short term which will potentially affect the applicant\u2019s ability to process his\/her claim.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/DIV><\/LI><\/UL>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE>The Act further provides that an interim award shall not exceed \u20ac10,000, and that the amount of any interim award shall be deducted from the final award made by the Board.<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>To date the Board has awarded 12 interim payments. <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE>Incomplete application forms<\/SPAN><\/B><SPAN lang=EN-IE>. <\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>The number of application forms received by the Board which lacked essential information has fallen. This has improved the number of applications clearing the first administrative hurdle. Pending the receipt of the missing information the application is allocated a reference number but is not further processed.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Applicants will speed up the process for themselves and others if the application form is fully completed before it is sent to the Board.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Hearing Arrangements<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">When an application is considered ready for hearing the Board will contact the applicant or his\/her solicitor in writing. Applicants or their solicitors will normally receive 4 weeks notice of any hearing date. On arrival at our offices in <\/SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 \/><st1:City><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">Dublin<\/SPAN><\/st1:place><\/st1:City><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\">, the applicant will be greeted at reception and shown to a waiting room where there is a phone for his\/her personal use. Chilled water, tea, coffee and biscuits are available. The Board\u2019s premises are fully wheel chair accessible. If applicants so wish they will be shown the hearing room and any queries they may have will be answered by the Board\u2019s receptionist. For more details please refer to the guidelines on hearing procedures which are available on our website <A href=\"http:\/\/www.rirb.ie\/\">www.rirb.ie<\/A>.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>or from the Board\u2019s office.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Travel Expenses <o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>In relation to attendance at hearings, the Board will pay all reasonable travelling expenses, a subsistence allowance and, if a person takes time off work to attend a hearing, his or her loss of wages, as follows:<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<UL style=\"MARGIN-TOP: 0cm\" type=disc>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Your travel expenses by train or bus between your home and the hearing venue.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>More expensive methods of travel should be approved in advance.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/LI><\/UL>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<UL style=\"MARGIN-TOP: 0cm\" type=disc>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>The travel expenses of anyone who needs to come with you because you cannot travel alone or need their assistance or moral support at the hearing<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/LI><\/UL>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<UL style=\"MARGIN-TOP: 0cm\" type=disc>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>The travel expenses of any person who is giving oral evidence on your behalf (provided we have agreed beforehand that they need to come to the hearing)<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/LI><\/UL>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<UL style=\"MARGIN-TOP: 0cm\" type=disc>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>The wages or salary lost by you, a person giving you necessary assistance or your witness as a result of attending the hearing.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Lost wages or salary means the actual net loss after deductions for tax and social welfare, and should be set out in a letter from the employer of the person concerned.<BR><\/FONT><\/SPAN>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Subsistence allowance if you are absent from home or otherwise stay at the hearing for more than five hours<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/LI><\/UL>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<UL style=\"MARGIN-TOP: 0cm\" type=disc>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>The cost of a baby-sitter or carer actually incurred (if supported by a letter from the sitter\/carer confirming the payment).<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/LI><\/UL>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>Unless agreed beforehand by the Board, we will not pay for the expense of a witness from outside the state.<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>All claims for travel expenses must be supported by receipts and tickets<B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\">.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN><\/B>All expenses will be paid at the <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><I style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\"><U>end<\/U><\/I><\/B> of the process but if travelling expenses to the hearing are a problem an advance of your cost of travel can be applied for during the 4 weeks leading up to the hearing. <o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Medical Reports<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE>Medical reports (from GPs, other doctors, psychiatrists) are of assistance to the Board in assessing an application, as are reports from counsellors and psychologists. These reports can be recent or date from the applicant\u2019s time in an institution or both if he\/she wishes.<\/SPAN><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Below are the guidelines issued by the Board for the preparation of a medical report on a person applying for redress. It is hoped that these will be of assistance to applicants, lawyers and medical practitioners.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><U><SPAN lang=EN-IE>Guidelines for the preparation of medical report<\/SPAN><\/U><\/B><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><U><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>on person applying for redress<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/U><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><U><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><SPAN style=\"TEXT-DECORATION: none\"><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/U><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The purpose of the medical report on a person applying for redress is to assist the Board in its task of determining the amount of redress payable with respect to the unique circumstances of the individual applicant, based on the effects on him or her of any physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse or neglect suffered while resident in an institution as a child under the age of 18.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The report should contain a history of the abuse forming the basis of the application and a description of the immediate and long-term effects of such abuse.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Where appropriate, the report should in particular describe:<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<OL>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The nature, severity, treatment and prognosis of any psychiatric disorder;<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/DIV>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The nature, severity, treatment and prognosis of any personality disorder;<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/DIV>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The presence of any medical condition;<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/DIV>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The psychosocial consequences of the abuse;<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/DIV>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The general adaptation and global level of functioning of the applicant and<\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/DIV>&#13;<br \/>\n<LI>&#13;<br \/>\n<DIV class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE>The loss of opportunity resulting from any of the above or from lack of appropriate education.&nbsp;<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/DIV><\/LI><\/OL>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The report should also provide, where possible, a history of the pre-injury status of the applicant, and the impact of the abuse suffered by the applicant on his or her pre-existing condition.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The Board will need to be satisfied in respect of each of these matters that the \u201cinjuries\u201d arose from, or are consistent with the abuse suffered by the applicant.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The Board would also appreciate your opinion as to the relative severity of the applicant\u2019s injuries.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The report should also address the nature and extent of any treatment to date and where treatment is recommended an outline of such treatment and the expected duration of such treatment.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>If appropriate, your opinion on the applicant\u2019s capacity to manage his or her funds would be appreciated.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE>For your further information, the full definitions of \u201cabuse\u201d and \u201cinjury\u201d as set out in the Residential Institutions Redress Act, 2002 are outlined below.<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P align=center class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P align=center class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P align=center class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>RESIDENTIAL INSTITUTIONS REDRESS ACT, 2002<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Section 1.<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>\u201cabuse\u201d, in relation to a child, means-<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 5\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(a)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>the wilful, reckless or negligent infliction of physical injury on, or failure to prevent such injury to, the child,<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(b)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>the use of the child by a person for sexual arousal or sexual gratification of that person or another person,<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(c)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>failure to care for the child which results in serious impairment of the physical or mental health or development of the child or serious adverse effects on his or her behaviour or welfare, or<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>(d)<SPAN style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>any other act or omission towards the child which results in serious impairment of the physical or mental health or development of the child or serious adverse effects on his or her behaviour or welfare,<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>\u201cinjury\u201d includes physical or psychological injury and injury that has occurred in the past or currently exists\u2026\u2026..<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-US\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2><\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Additional Award on the Principle of Aggravated Damages<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Regulation 4 of the Residential Institutions Redress Act 2002 (Section 17) Regulations 2002 provides that:<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>\u201cIn addition to the award made in accordance with Regulation 3 or 5, the Board \u2026 may make an additional award to an applicant on the same basis as an award of the High Court calculated by reference to the principles of aggravated damages where the Board \u2026 is satisfied that it is appropriate to do so having regard to the circumstances of abuse of the applicant, but such additional award shall not exceed 20 per cent of the award made in accordance with Regulation 3 or 5.\u201d<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><I><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Aggravated damages in the High Court<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><I><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE>According to the Law Reform Commission (<I>Consultation Paper on Aggravated, Exemplary and Restitutionary Damages <\/I>1998), aggravated damages are \u201cgrounded in both the outrageous conduct of the defendant and the injury of the defendant\u201d.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>In <I>Conway v. INTO<\/I> (1991), Finlay CJ defined aggravated damages as compensatory damages which are increased by certain factors.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>These include (a) the manner in which the wrong was committed, involving such elements as oppressiveness, arrogance or outrage,<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\"> <\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE>As in <I>Todd v. Cinelli<\/I> (March, 1999), where Kelly J made an additional award of \u00a37,500 by way of aggravated damages in recognition of the added hurt or insult to the plaintiffs as a result of the defendant\u2019s conduct<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\">.<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE> and (b) conduct of the wrongdoer after the commission of the wrong,<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\"> <\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE>As in <I>FW v. BBC<\/I> (March 1999), where Barr J awarded aggravated damages of \u00a315,000 in respect of professional misconduct on the part of a consultant psychologist who examined the plaintiff on behalf of the defendant\u2026 such as a refusal to apologise or to ameliorate the harm done \u2026\u201d.Finlay CJ made it clear that this enumeration was not to be regarded as comprehensive; other factors could also ground an award of aggravated damages.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>He then explained that \u201cthe circumstances which may properly form an aggravated feature in the measurement of compensatory damages must, in many instances, be in part a recognition of the added hurt or insult to a plaintiff who had been wronged, and in part also a recognition of the cavalier or outrageous conduct of the defendant\u201d.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The Board was advised by Senior Counsel that the application of these principles seldom leads to additional awards of damages.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>For example, in <I>Cooper v. O\u2019Connell<\/I> (1997), the Supreme Court refused to make an award of aggravated damages on the ground that, although the defendant had been \u201cseriously negligent\u201d, there had been no element of oppressiveness, arrogance or outrage in his conduct &#8211; nothing, in fact, to distinguish it from an ordinary case of professional negligence.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The Board has also noted that in its <I>Report on Aggravated, Exemplary and Restitutionary Damages <\/I>(L.R.C.60\/2000), the Law Reform Commission recommended that \u201caggravated damages should be defined as follows:<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>\u201cAggravated damages are damages to compensate a plaintiff for added hurt, distress or insult caused by the manner in which the defendant committed the wrong giving rise to the plaintiff\u2019s claim, or by the defendant\u2019s conduct subsequent to the wrong, including the conduct of legal proceedings.\u201d<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The Commission went on to recommend \u201ca policy of moderation\u201d in the award of aggravated damages: \u201cWe believe aggravated damages will only be appropriate where there has been reprehensible, high-handed behaviour on the part of the defendant and such damages should only be awarded in exceptional cases\u201d.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/B><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><I><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Aggravated damages in their application to different torts<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><I><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>An important consideration in assessing the position of aggravated damages in the legal framework is whether the principles which apply to the awarding of such damages are objective or subjective in nature.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>An objective rule would arise if the matters which give rise to the awarding of aggravated damages were capable of application across all torts. Under this approach the circumstances which would demand the awarding of aggravated damages in a defamation action would be the same as would apply in a civil action relating to rape. <o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>A more subjective approach would recognize that damages for different torts, before the consideration as to whether aggravated damages should be awarded, should themselves reflect the inbuilt outrage of society in the nature of the wrong and in the actions of the perpetrator.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Under this approach the application of the principles laid down by the Supreme Court, in assessing whether aggravated damages should be awarded, would be applied in the context of the type of tort under consideration.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The subjective approach would appear to more accurately reflect the law at present. If it were otherwise certain outrageous actions such as indecent assaults would always fall within the definition of the \u2018reprehensible and high-handed behaviour\u2019 needed to justify aggravated damages and such damages would always be awarded.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>This is clearly not the law at present.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: italic\">The question of aggravated damages in the context of the redress scheme must be considered against that background.<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><I><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Aggravated damages in the context of the redress scheme<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><I><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/I><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Section 5(1) (a) of the Residential Institutions Redress Act, 2002 requires the Board \u201cto make awards in accordance with this Act which are fair and reasonable having regard to the unique circumstances of each applicant\u201d.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Regulation 3 of the Residential Institutions Redress Act 2002 (Section 17) Regulations, 2002 further requires the Board, when making an award, to \u201cdetermine the weighting to be allocated to the applicant\u201d.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>This weighting is set out in Schedule 1 to the Regulations by reference to the \u201cconstitutive elements of redress\u201d.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Having determined the weighting to be allocated to the applicant, the Board must then \u201cmake an award to that applicant which is within the limits of the amounts specified in \u2026 the Table\u201d set out in Schedule 2 to the Regulations.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-IE>The \u201cconstitutive elements of redress\u201d consist of the severity of the abuse and the severity of the injury resulting from the abuse suffered by the applicant.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>In the opinion of the Board, these elements must be taken into account in the application of the principle of aggravated damages in the context of the redress scheme in two respects.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>First, the level of \u201caggravation\u201d which should attract an additional award must take into account that the very essence of the scheme is to provide redress for the serious hurt suffered by applicants who have been abused.<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\"> <\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE>The Board must also be conscious of the provisions of section 5(3) of the 2002 Act, namely, that \u201cwhen considering an application \u2026 the Board (a) shall not address any issue of fault or negligence arising out of evidence given in an application \u2026,<\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE style=\"COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\"> <\/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE>and (b) shall not make a finding of fact relating to fault or negligence \u2026\u201d.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>In other words, the \u201cconstitutive elements of redress\u201d establish that the threshold from which the Board must consider whether an applicant has suffered additional hurt is a high one.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Secondly, factors which in other cases might be taken to justify an award of aggravated damages will normally have already been taken into account by the Board in its assessment of the severity of the abuse or of the injuries suffered by the applicant.<SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp; <\/SPAN>Accordingly, it is the view of the Board that additional awards on the basis of aggravated damages will only be made in exceptional circumstances.<o:p><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>In short, an additional award based on the principle of aggravated damages will only be made where the Board (without going into any question of fault on the part of any person or institution) is satisfied that the manner in which the applicant was abused was so oppressive or outrageous that an award based solely on the constitutive elements of redress does not represent an award which is fair and reasonable having regard to the unique circumstances of the applicant.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><SPAN lang=EN-IE><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066><SPAN style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/SPAN><o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>The Board retains the right to vary these arrangements in the light of any further discussions with the stakeholders and practical experience.<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><o:p><FONT color=#000066 face=arial size=2>&nbsp;<\/FONT><\/o:p><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000066>Se\u00e1n O\u2019 Leary,<o:p><\/o:p><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P>&#13;<br \/>\n<P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN-GB\"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2><FONT 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